编者按:绚丽金秋,潮涌东方。第十四届上海国际乳腺癌论坛(SIBCS2019)于10月18日在东方明珠上海拉开帷幕。来自纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心(MSKCC)的Monica Morrow教授,在大会首日带来了“少即是多:乳腺外科的进展与方向”的主题报告。会后,《肿瘤瞭望》再邀Morrow教授,探讨乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结处理的热点话题。
Monica Morrow教授
前哨宏转移——放疗vs 腋清?
Prof. Morrow: For one or two macrometastasis of the sample nodes, and I think the answer to that question is yes. Data from the prospective randomized trials IBCSG 23-01, Z0011, and AMAROS, clearly shows no survival benefit for doing the axillary dissection, no increase in their risk of cancer recurring in the armpit if you only do the sample node biopsy. And there are far fewer side effects from only doing a sentinel node biopsy than doing a sentinel node biopsy and an axillary dissection. So, it is our standard practice not to do axillary dissection for micrometastasis in patient having lumpectomy or macrometastasis if the patient is having lumpectomy and radiation.
对于1~2枚淋巴结宏转移,我认为这个问题的答案是肯定的,来自前瞻性随机试验EBCSG 23-01、Z0011和AMAROS的数据,清楚地表明进行腋窝清扫没有生存获益;如果你只做前哨淋巴结活检,并不会增加腋窝的癌症复发风险;而且仅做前哨淋巴结活检的副作用远少于腋窝淋巴结清扫。因此,对于淋巴结微转移计划进行乳房切除的患者,或者淋巴结宏转移计划进行乳房切除和放疗的患者,我们的标准做法是不进行腋窝清扫。
再做减法——前哨活检可避免?
Prof. Morrow: I think that as far as diagnostics methods to avoid sentinel node biopsy at this point in time there is no diagnostic test that reliably detects small amount of microscopic disease in the nodes. So, since knowing whether or not you have a positive node remains important for decision making about drug therapy in some patients and about what radiation you give in other patients at the time being, I think that sentinel node biopsy remains standard. The exception to that rule is in women who are older than 70 years, who have estrogen receptor positive cancers, who we will not give chemotherapy to anyway, then we don’t do a sentinel node biopsy.
我认为就目前避免前哨淋巴结活检的诊断方法而言,还没有可靠的诊断试验来检测淋巴结中的少量微小疾病。明确是否有阳性淋巴结对一些患者的药物治疗和放射治疗的决策仍然很重要,我认为前哨淋巴结活检仍然是标准。70岁以上的老年女性是例外,对于患有雌激素受体阳性癌症的老年女性,我们无论如何都不会给她们化疗,所以我们无需进行前哨淋巴结活检。
前哨活检——新辅助前 or后?
Prof. Morrow: And as far as neoadjuvant therapy goes, we no longer ever do sentinel node biopsy before neoadjuvant therapy. Part of the benefit of neoadjuvant therapy is reducing the likelihood of having disease in the sentinel nodes. So, we don’t think you need to do it beforehand. Studies have shown it is accurate afterwards and doing it before doesn’t provide any information that we need for treatment, so we only do it afterwards.
就新辅助治疗而言,我们不再于新辅助治疗前做前哨淋巴结活检。新辅助治疗的部分获益是可以减少前哨淋巴结发病的可能性。所以,我们认为你不需要事先做。研究表明新辅助治疗后进行前哨活检的结果是准确的,而在此前进行活检并不能提供对治疗有用的任何信息,所以我们是在新辅助治疗后进行前哨淋巴结活检的。
作者简介
Monica Morrow
纪念斯隆-凯特林癌症中心乳腺外科主任,康奈尔大学威尔医学院乳腺外科主任。Morrow教授是一位致力于乳腺癌治疗的外科肿瘤学家。其研究集中在如何将临床试验的进展应用到日常外科实践中。Morrow教授于2002年和2007年共同主持了美国外科学院、美国放射学院和美国病理学院关于浸润性乳腺癌和导管原位癌保乳治疗标准的联合委员会。其目前研究兴趣是乳腺癌手术的治疗选择,找出预测肿瘤切除成功的因素,包括乳腺癌手术切缘、显微镜下的肿瘤类型以及无钼靶异常的癌症表现等。Morrow教授是乳腺疾病教科书的外科编辑,以及乳腺癌假体模型的合作者。此外,她还是2012-2013年美国肿瘤外科学会的主席,Morrow教授还与Cansort一起参与了“早期乳腺癌局部区域治疗个体化”项目的研究。